一枚码农AW从3.0到4.0的飞跃，只用了一周哦~
858517
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楼主学CS，第一次考G是在去年九月份，考了一个比较蛋疼的分数：V153 Q169 AW3.0
本来不打算二战了，因为大三下学期和大四上学期实在是挤不出时间。后来听说有些学校AW严卡3.5，比如UPenn，UIUC？于是决定二战！
10.19日考了个不错的分数 V157 Q170 昨天晚上AW出分：4.0，心里的石头也终于放下来了~ 在这里主要跟大家介绍一下作文的提升方法。
从十一开始正式备战，到10月19日考试，我主要是刷《要你命三千》，对于作文一直是吊儿郎当的态度，没有任何作文练习，但是听了夏鹏老师的GRE作文神课，收获良多。最大的收获是，只要托福作文24+，AW上4.0是一点问题都没有的。GRE的作文根本不需要华丽的辞藻和复杂的句式（电脑阅卷时看到你局势有长有短即可，从句使用适可而止）。之所以没有上，是因为文章结构和逻辑混乱，不知道如何组织结构。在这里呈上六种ISSUE的题型，以及相对应的应答结构。
注意：驳论文一定要按照下述来写，很多同学不审题会死得很惨！
（以下笔记摘自夏鹏老师作文课堂笔记，在此没法直接展示图片，图片只能以附件的形式存在，大家可以查看印象笔记Link)http://app.yinxiang.com/l/AAI9AoPuYCJBnZYF2ogXqzfbq0fzqGj9B_8/
http://app.yinxiang.com/l/AALUpceBK7RKk7-JlaLDcXB_XH5s1f8UF1g/
鸣谢夏鹏老师和琦叔、戈弋的微臣
正负观点题：Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
情况分析题： Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position..png)
驳论题：Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address themost compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
平衡观点题：Discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
他因分析题：Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and reason, on which that claim is based.
[align="left"]结果评价题：Discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. I developing and supporting your position, you should consider thepossible consequences of implementing the policyand explain how these consequences shape your position. [/align]
再附上Argument题型和常见错误总结~
[align="left"]Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.[/align][align="left"]解读：[/align]Evidence（证据）
1. 现有证据是否能够支持结论
2. 为了更好支持结论，哪些证据需要予以补充或修正
[align="left"]Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions, and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.[/align][align="left"]解读：[/align]前提（assumption）
1.结论基于哪些前提成立
2.这些前提条件是如何分析出来的
3.如果前提条件并不一定成立，那么造成的结论有可能是什么
[align="left"]Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.[/align]解析：
1.分析其他可能性
2.用其他可能性来反对题目中的观点
数据错误 Statistic defects
事实类错误
逻辑错误 No casual relations
错误类比 False Analogy
总结：如果托福的作文分数上了24分，那么这个写作功底拿来使AW上3.5是没有任何问题的。写不好不是因为我们的字句不够酷炫，而是写得没有组织性，别人看起来很没有逻辑性。感谢夏鹏老师的点播。遵循ISSUE6分的几点目标——
另外：大家不要学我一点练习都不做，这是不可取的。因为我考试的时候遇到了经典的驳论文，我的结构很清晰，而且他考生大都不审题就写，就导致我的分数会稍高一些。有时间的话一定要有针对性的联系。
本来不打算二战了，因为大三下学期和大四上学期实在是挤不出时间。后来听说有些学校AW严卡3.5，比如UPenn，UIUC？于是决定二战！
10.19日考了个不错的分数 V157 Q170 昨天晚上AW出分：4.0，心里的石头也终于放下来了~ 在这里主要跟大家介绍一下作文的提升方法。
从十一开始正式备战，到10月19日考试，我主要是刷《要你命三千》，对于作文一直是吊儿郎当的态度，没有任何作文练习，但是听了夏鹏老师的GRE作文神课，收获良多。最大的收获是，只要托福作文24+，AW上4.0是一点问题都没有的。GRE的作文根本不需要华丽的辞藻和复杂的句式（电脑阅卷时看到你局势有长有短即可，从句使用适可而止）。之所以没有上，是因为文章结构和逻辑混乱，不知道如何组织结构。在这里呈上六种ISSUE的题型，以及相对应的应答结构。
注意：驳论文一定要按照下述来写，很多同学不审题会死得很惨！
（以下笔记摘自夏鹏老师作文课堂笔记，在此没法直接展示图片，图片只能以附件的形式存在，大家可以查看印象笔记Link)http://app.yinxiang.com/l/AAI9AoPuYCJBnZYF2ogXqzfbq0fzqGj9B_8/
http://app.yinxiang.com/l/AALUpceBK7RKk7-JlaLDcXB_XH5s1f8UF1g/
鸣谢夏鹏老师和琦叔、戈弋的微臣
Preview
正负观点题：Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
- 正负观点比例分配——8：2（别对半，不好写）
- concession（让步段）和argument（立论段）可以互换
- 立论段最少两段
情况分析题： Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
- 观点比例分配——5：5
- 情况一下导致观点一，情况二下导致观点二
- 内容多少无所谓
Preview
驳论题：Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address themost compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
- 列出可能反驳你的反面观点，然后干掉这些观点
- 这个不是立论文，要写驳论文
- 正反观点比例——0：10
平衡观点题：Discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
- 中立：A也同意、B也同意
他因分析题：Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and reason, on which that claim is based.
- 正反观点比例——8:2
- 还有哪些因素影响这个reason
- 先肯定观点，后补充其他原因
[align="left"]结果评价题：Discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. I developing and supporting your position, you should consider thepossible consequences of implementing the policyand explain how these consequences shape your position. [/align]
- 5：5
- 或者2:8
Preview
再附上Argument题型和常见错误总结~
[align="left"]Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.[/align][align="left"]解读：[/align]Evidence（证据）
1. 现有证据是否能够支持结论
2. 为了更好支持结论，哪些证据需要予以补充或修正
[align="left"]Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions, and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.[/align][align="left"]解读：[/align]前提（assumption）
1.结论基于哪些前提成立
2.这些前提条件是如何分析出来的
3.如果前提条件并不一定成立，那么造成的结论有可能是什么
[align="left"]Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.[/align]解析：
1.分析其他可能性
2.用其他可能性来反对题目中的观点
Preview
数据错误 Statistic defects
- %问题：A增量20%，B增量5%；未来一段时间A不一定超越B，需要考虑基数
- Average问题：考虑Extreme极值的影响、方差，算术平均值不行
- 衡量标准：Definition——好的标准是啥？数字要落在标准上（作者要给出更精确的参照标准）
- Survey
- 样本数不足 >33
- 取样方法不合理（时间、地点）
- 结果不可以被量化(quantization)
- 样本数不足 >33
- 注意平均量和总量
- 总量上升，比例却在减小
事实类错误
- A推断—>B：事实类错误（让步分析）、逻辑错误
- 事实类错误先于逻辑错误，一条论据内可能出现事实类错误和逻辑错误
逻辑错误 No casual relations
- Oversimplification 过度简单化：A就是导致B的唯一原因，A就是B。不要忽略其他因素
- 时间先后顺序不等同于因果关系：背后原因还有可能。。。；【政策】XX政策不一定是XXXX
- 正负相关不等同于因果关系 Correlation
- 解决方法可以有多种多样，干嘛想死
- 找一个反例
错误类比 False Analogy
- A成功，B一定成功？
- 时间上错误类比：【考古】现在有啥不代表以前有啥，现在没有发现不代表未来不能发现；增长率能一直保持吗？
- 空间上错误类比：全国调研VS小城镇；人口普查；
- 缺乏对照实验 control-experiment
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总结：如果托福的作文分数上了24分，那么这个写作功底拿来使AW上3.5是没有任何问题的。写不好不是因为我们的字句不够酷炫，而是写得没有组织性，别人看起来很没有逻辑性。感谢夏鹏老师的点播。遵循ISSUE6分的几点目标——
- well-focused: 重复
- 有逻辑的话就是重复性足够
- Tell them what you have to tell them;
- Tell them;
- Tell them what you have told them.
- well-organized:
- 次序有可预测性
- logically：转接词
- first, however, e.g., admittedly, in conclusion
- 转接词一定要多用、方便别人预测
- 词汇精炼准确，而非酷炫
- 句子多样性，而非冗长
另外：大家不要学我一点练习都不做，这是不可取的。因为我考试的时候遇到了经典的驳论文，我的结构很清晰，而且他考生大都不审题就写，就导致我的分数会稍高一些。有时间的话一定要有针对性的联系。
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