关于CPT挂靠和可能的风险——一次全职CPT挂靠引发的惨案案例分析
12436698
作为今年参加H1b抽签大军的一员，楼主未雨绸缪的细细研究过关于CPT挂靠这一个备选方案的可行性。在Mitbbs和1p3a上看了很多人采取了这一条，并且成功的延续了工作身份且不用离开美国，这么看来还是很不错的。——<用CPT全职工作>这件事没问题是允许的（所以大家3个月7个月的全职实习都是用的CPT），但是<一入学就给CPT>和<长期的且不能证明必要性的CPT工作>这两条是跟CPT政策相悖的。——虽然没有人说不行，但是这两条的确有点走政策擦边球的feel。后果呢，可能会导致H1b抽中之后的RFE。
所以如果大家以后真的要走这条路的话，请务必：
1. 一定要上课
2. 一定要跟律师和公司沟通好
3. 一定要确定学校有发CPT的资格
4. 避免多次转学
5. Take risk….
CPT挂靠的Pros & Cons本帖隐藏内容需要登录后才能查看。
[align="left"]以下部分转自mp.weixin.qq.com（ZZ自纽约移民服务中心微信公众号）[/align][align="left"]-----------------------
[/align][align="left"]小明，和千千万万的大家一样，是一个怀着梦想的美国留学生。从A大学毕业后，参加了2014年的H1B抽签，未果。于是不得不再次和千千万万的大家一样，踏上了闹心的CPT挂靠之路。[/align][align="left"]辗转多处，小明先后经历了不靠谱的B大学和C大学，申请了CPT挂靠。后来又觉得总不去上课实在太不心安，于是最终将自己托付给了D大学，认认真真地一边上课，一边用CPT继续为雇主工作。[/align][align="left"]烧了一年的高香，终于又来到壮烈的2015年H1B抽签战场。这一次小明攒了二十多年的人品终于爆发，哎马，中签了！
[/align][align="left"]可高兴劲儿还没过去两天，一封邮件如凉水浇醒了小明——移民局要求补材料的RFE信件。
[/align][align="left"]小纽见到小明的时候他是一副惨兮兮的表情：小纽你看移民局查了我各种挂靠CPT的记录，我感觉我解释不清了我还有救么小纽…[/align][align="left"]（此处应有叹息）恩…量力而行自求多福吧…
[/align][align="left"]不过在小明的允许之下，小纽把移民局RFE信件为大家做一个解读，来看看移民局的叔叔阿姨审案子的时候究竟是多么的“细致”。钻空子打擦边球，真的要不得啊。[/align][align="left"]为保护小明的隐私，信件内容小纽用【满级的打码技术】处理以后放在文末，喜欢钻研的小伙伴可以仔细阅读。懒得自己读的同学们接着往下看。[/align]移民局的信件内容属于总分格式，开头一句话点出主旨：You did not submit sufficient evidence to establish that the beneficiary was maintaining a valid F-1 nonimmigrant status at the time of filing. Therefore, additional evidence is needed.紧接着移民官分了三大论点，对小明的挂靠情况围追堵截，丝毫不留活路。
1. Maintenance of Status- Full Course of Study：你到底有没有上课？[align="left"]移民官表示，虽然你交了A B C D四个学校的I-20，但是你在B和C两个学校的记录有纯挂靠的嫌疑，我怀疑你并没有真正上课，却同时使用CPT在工作，这样并不符合全职F-1学生身份的要求。你可以补交以下材料证明你确实在学校上课了：[/align][align="left"]; I-20[/align][align="left"]; 成绩单[/align][align="left"]; 结业证书或毕业证[/align][align="left"]; 学费缴费单[/align][align="left"]; 在校期间购买课本、停车证等收据[/align][align="left"]; 学生证[/align][align="left"]; 课程大纲[/align][align="left"]; 证明学生确实到校上课的证据，例如交通票收据、火车票确认信、出勤记录等[/align][align="left"]; 在校期间确实住在美国的证据，如租约、水电账单[/align][align="left"]; 若有在线课程，则需提供详细资料
[/align]移民官真是，连地铁票、过路过桥费收据都要！看来是不见证据不死心。可小明呢，据他承认自己并没有去上过课，那么这些证据从何而来，难道要学校给开个假的成绩单？啧啧，移民局一旦查出来成绩单造假，那可就不只是H1B批准不批准的问题了！
2. Maintenance of Status-Curricular Practical Training: 你为什么要用CPT工作？[align="left"]打击完了到校上课的真实性，移民官转手开始攻击使用CPT工作的必要性。信中大意表示，你的记录显示，C大学给你开了一个2014年6月至12月的CPT，既然你使用了CPT，请提供下列材料证明你确实需要CPT工作：[/align][align="left"]; 涉及并需要CPT工作的课程名称和代码[/align][align="left"]; 说明小明入学即需要开始使用CPT工作的文件证明[/align][align="left"]; 说明小明所学专业与CPT工作均为该项目的要求的证明[/align][align="left"]; 小明雇主提供的在职信，说明工作职责、工资、雇佣时间[/align][align="left"]; 小明雇主与C大学之间有关CPT的书面文件[/align][align="left"]; 详细说明小明如何找到雇主并开始使用CPT工作[/align][align="left"]; 说明CPT工作与小明的专业直接相关的文件
[/align]哎，既然都没上课，何来专业和课程与CPT工作相关的证明？你让小纽帮你看看怎么办，小纽也不能给你编呀是不是。
3. Maintenance of Status – Misclassification：你的学校没资格给你发I-20[align="left"]大招一般都放在最后使，就像斗地主，王炸一般不会上来就用。移民官说，我查了记录，B大学根本没资格给你发放I-20，小明你学的专业属于职业技术类的项目，按规定只能给你发放M-1类签证的证明材料。[/align]要是说前两条移民官还给小明留了条活路，第三条大招一放出来，直接是说小明在B大学的经历全部都是造假啊。这回连可以补充的材料清单都省略了，移民官直接甩出一句话：Please provide documentary evidence to establish that the beneficiary has, and continues to maintain, valid F-1 status.简单说就是，你自己声称一直是F-1学生身份，但是出现造假，你自己看着圆吧。你以为这就完了？No！更惨的还在后头。公司收到这封RFE信后，CEO读完一脸无奈，一个电话分机号拨过去：“小明你明天不用来上班了。这个月的工资这两天给你结清。”为何CEO如此绝情？因为，小明这些挂靠的情况公司根本不清楚啊！第二天公司给移民局写信，要求撤回H1B申请，并在信中表示所有的虚假挂靠情况公司均不知情，因此决定放弃申请。唉，长叹一声，大家自己感受一下吧。最后强调一遍：不要找纯挂靠CPT，不要找纯挂靠CPT，你的一时侥幸，影响的很可能是一辈子的方向！
[align="left"]移民局信件如下：[/align]U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has reviewed your petition/application and supporting evidence. You did not submit sufficient evidence to establish that the beneficiary was maintaining a valid F-1 nonimmigrant status at the time of filing. Therefore, additional evidence is needed.
1. Maintenance of Status – Full Course of Study
To demonstrate that the beneficiary was maintaining a full course of study, you submitted copies of SEVIS Certificates of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Status (Form I-20) issued to the beneficiary from A University, B University, C University and D University. However, this evidence does not demonstrate that the beneficiary was engaged in a full course of study while attending B University and C University because it does not establish that the beneficiary was actually attending classes as a full-time F-1 student while engaged in Curricular Practical Training (CPT).
[align="left"]The types of evidence that you may submit include, but are not limited to:[/align][align="left"];Copies of all pages of all SEVIS Certificates of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status (Forms I-20) issued to the beneficiary from B University;[/align][align="left"];Official copies of the beneficiary’s transcripts issued by B University;[/align][align="left"];Copies of degrees and/or certificated issued to the beneficiary showing course completions;[/align][align="left"];Receipts for tuition payments made by the beneficiary to B University;[/align][align="left"]; Receipts for books, parking passes, and school supplies, for the period of time that the beneficiary was a student at B University;[/align][align="left"];The beneficiary’s student ID for B University;[/align][align="left"];The beneficiary’s course syllabi or outlines for his or her program at B University;[/align][align="left"];Documentary evidence to show that the beneficiary was physically attending the courses in which he or she was enrolled, including transportation receipts, confirmed transportation reservations, attendance records, etc.;[/align][align="left"];Evidence of the beneficiary’s U.S. residence (utility bills, rental contracts, or receipts, etc.);[/align][align="left"];Evidence showing the number of online or distance education class credits the beneficiary was/is enrolled in for each session, term, semester, trimester, or quarter of study, for the duration of the time he or she was a student at B University;[/align][align="left"];Evidence to show the beneficiary is or was making progress toward completion of a program of study;[/align];Any other documentary evidence to establish the beneficiary has been engaged in a full course of study and working towards program completion.
[align="left"]2. Maintenance of Status – Curricular Practical Training[/align]
[align="left"]The record indicates that the beneficiary was authorized CPT while attending the B University from June X, 2014 to December X, 2014. Since the evidence of record indicates that the beneficiary is or was participating in CPT, provide the following:[/align][align="left"];The name of the course and course code in which the beneficiary is or was enrolled that requires CPT;[/align][align="left"];Documentary evidence that immediate participation in CPT was required for the beneficiary’s studies;
;Documentary evidence establishing both the beneficiary’s current major and that CPT is/was an integral (essential) part of the beneficiary’s degree program at B University;[/align][align="left"];A letter from the beneficiary’s CPT employer(s), explaining the beneficiary’s job duties, pay, and period of employment;[/align][align="left"];Evidence of the cooperative agreement(s) between your company and B University;[/align][align="left"];A detailed statement explaining how the beneficiary obtained CPT employment with your company; whether individually, through the school, or through an outside company or consultancy;[/align];Evidence that the beneficiary’s CPT is or was directly related to his or her major area of study.
3.Maintenance of Status – Misclassification
[align="left"]Evidence in the record shows that the beneficiary attended C University as an F-1 nonimmigrant studying XX major. It appears that XX major is a vocational, technical, or non-academic program.[/align][align="left"]According to Immigration and Custom Enforcement’s Student and Exchange Visitor Program, C University is authorized to issue certificates of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status (Form I-20 A-B) for F-1 classification only to students who will engage in the school’s Language Training programs. Although the school may be authorized to accept foreign students in vocational, technical, or non-academic education programs, student enrolled in these programs would be issued a Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant (M-1) Student Status-For Vocational Students (Form M-N).[/align]Please provide documentary evidence to establish that the beneficiary has, and continues to maintain, valid F-1 Status.
所以如果大家以后真的要走这条路的话，请务必：
1. 一定要上课
2. 一定要跟律师和公司沟通好
3. 一定要确定学校有发CPT的资格
4. 避免多次转学
5. Take risk….
CPT挂靠的Pros & Cons本帖隐藏内容需要登录后才能查看。
[align="left"]以下部分转自mp.weixin.qq.com（ZZ自纽约移民服务中心微信公众号）[/align][align="left"]-----------------------
[/align][align="left"]小明，和千千万万的大家一样，是一个怀着梦想的美国留学生。从A大学毕业后，参加了2014年的H1B抽签，未果。于是不得不再次和千千万万的大家一样，踏上了闹心的CPT挂靠之路。[/align][align="left"]辗转多处，小明先后经历了不靠谱的B大学和C大学，申请了CPT挂靠。后来又觉得总不去上课实在太不心安，于是最终将自己托付给了D大学，认认真真地一边上课，一边用CPT继续为雇主工作。[/align][align="left"]烧了一年的高香，终于又来到壮烈的2015年H1B抽签战场。这一次小明攒了二十多年的人品终于爆发，哎马，中签了！
[/align][align="left"]可高兴劲儿还没过去两天，一封邮件如凉水浇醒了小明——移民局要求补材料的RFE信件。
[/align][align="left"]小纽见到小明的时候他是一副惨兮兮的表情：小纽你看移民局查了我各种挂靠CPT的记录，我感觉我解释不清了我还有救么小纽…[/align][align="left"]（此处应有叹息）恩…量力而行自求多福吧…
[/align][align="left"]不过在小明的允许之下，小纽把移民局RFE信件为大家做一个解读，来看看移民局的叔叔阿姨审案子的时候究竟是多么的“细致”。钻空子打擦边球，真的要不得啊。[/align][align="left"]为保护小明的隐私，信件内容小纽用【满级的打码技术】处理以后放在文末，喜欢钻研的小伙伴可以仔细阅读。懒得自己读的同学们接着往下看。[/align]移民局的信件内容属于总分格式，开头一句话点出主旨：You did not submit sufficient evidence to establish that the beneficiary was maintaining a valid F-1 nonimmigrant status at the time of filing. Therefore, additional evidence is needed.紧接着移民官分了三大论点，对小明的挂靠情况围追堵截，丝毫不留活路。
1. Maintenance of Status- Full Course of Study：你到底有没有上课？[align="left"]移民官表示，虽然你交了A B C D四个学校的I-20，但是你在B和C两个学校的记录有纯挂靠的嫌疑，我怀疑你并没有真正上课，却同时使用CPT在工作，这样并不符合全职F-1学生身份的要求。你可以补交以下材料证明你确实在学校上课了：[/align][align="left"]; I-20[/align][align="left"]; 成绩单[/align][align="left"]; 结业证书或毕业证[/align][align="left"]; 学费缴费单[/align][align="left"]; 在校期间购买课本、停车证等收据[/align][align="left"]; 学生证[/align][align="left"]; 课程大纲[/align][align="left"]; 证明学生确实到校上课的证据，例如交通票收据、火车票确认信、出勤记录等[/align][align="left"]; 在校期间确实住在美国的证据，如租约、水电账单[/align][align="left"]; 若有在线课程，则需提供详细资料
[/align]移民官真是，连地铁票、过路过桥费收据都要！看来是不见证据不死心。可小明呢，据他承认自己并没有去上过课，那么这些证据从何而来，难道要学校给开个假的成绩单？啧啧，移民局一旦查出来成绩单造假，那可就不只是H1B批准不批准的问题了！
2. Maintenance of Status-Curricular Practical Training: 你为什么要用CPT工作？[align="left"]打击完了到校上课的真实性，移民官转手开始攻击使用CPT工作的必要性。信中大意表示，你的记录显示，C大学给你开了一个2014年6月至12月的CPT，既然你使用了CPT，请提供下列材料证明你确实需要CPT工作：[/align][align="left"]; 涉及并需要CPT工作的课程名称和代码[/align][align="left"]; 说明小明入学即需要开始使用CPT工作的文件证明[/align][align="left"]; 说明小明所学专业与CPT工作均为该项目的要求的证明[/align][align="left"]; 小明雇主提供的在职信，说明工作职责、工资、雇佣时间[/align][align="left"]; 小明雇主与C大学之间有关CPT的书面文件[/align][align="left"]; 详细说明小明如何找到雇主并开始使用CPT工作[/align][align="left"]; 说明CPT工作与小明的专业直接相关的文件
[/align]哎，既然都没上课，何来专业和课程与CPT工作相关的证明？你让小纽帮你看看怎么办，小纽也不能给你编呀是不是。
3. Maintenance of Status – Misclassification：你的学校没资格给你发I-20[align="left"]大招一般都放在最后使，就像斗地主，王炸一般不会上来就用。移民官说，我查了记录，B大学根本没资格给你发放I-20，小明你学的专业属于职业技术类的项目，按规定只能给你发放M-1类签证的证明材料。[/align]要是说前两条移民官还给小明留了条活路，第三条大招一放出来，直接是说小明在B大学的经历全部都是造假啊。这回连可以补充的材料清单都省略了，移民官直接甩出一句话：Please provide documentary evidence to establish that the beneficiary has, and continues to maintain, valid F-1 status.简单说就是，你自己声称一直是F-1学生身份，但是出现造假，你自己看着圆吧。你以为这就完了？No！更惨的还在后头。公司收到这封RFE信后，CEO读完一脸无奈，一个电话分机号拨过去：“小明你明天不用来上班了。这个月的工资这两天给你结清。”为何CEO如此绝情？因为，小明这些挂靠的情况公司根本不清楚啊！第二天公司给移民局写信，要求撤回H1B申请，并在信中表示所有的虚假挂靠情况公司均不知情，因此决定放弃申请。唉，长叹一声，大家自己感受一下吧。最后强调一遍：不要找纯挂靠CPT，不要找纯挂靠CPT，你的一时侥幸，影响的很可能是一辈子的方向！
[align="left"]移民局信件如下：[/align]U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has reviewed your petition/application and supporting evidence. You did not submit sufficient evidence to establish that the beneficiary was maintaining a valid F-1 nonimmigrant status at the time of filing. Therefore, additional evidence is needed.
1. Maintenance of Status – Full Course of Study
To demonstrate that the beneficiary was maintaining a full course of study, you submitted copies of SEVIS Certificates of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Status (Form I-20) issued to the beneficiary from A University, B University, C University and D University. However, this evidence does not demonstrate that the beneficiary was engaged in a full course of study while attending B University and C University because it does not establish that the beneficiary was actually attending classes as a full-time F-1 student while engaged in Curricular Practical Training (CPT).
[align="left"]The types of evidence that you may submit include, but are not limited to:[/align][align="left"];Copies of all pages of all SEVIS Certificates of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status (Forms I-20) issued to the beneficiary from B University;[/align][align="left"];Official copies of the beneficiary’s transcripts issued by B University;[/align][align="left"];Copies of degrees and/or certificated issued to the beneficiary showing course completions;[/align][align="left"];Receipts for tuition payments made by the beneficiary to B University;[/align][align="left"]; Receipts for books, parking passes, and school supplies, for the period of time that the beneficiary was a student at B University;[/align][align="left"];The beneficiary’s student ID for B University;[/align][align="left"];The beneficiary’s course syllabi or outlines for his or her program at B University;[/align][align="left"];Documentary evidence to show that the beneficiary was physically attending the courses in which he or she was enrolled, including transportation receipts, confirmed transportation reservations, attendance records, etc.;[/align][align="left"];Evidence of the beneficiary’s U.S. residence (utility bills, rental contracts, or receipts, etc.);[/align][align="left"];Evidence showing the number of online or distance education class credits the beneficiary was/is enrolled in for each session, term, semester, trimester, or quarter of study, for the duration of the time he or she was a student at B University;[/align][align="left"];Evidence to show the beneficiary is or was making progress toward completion of a program of study;[/align];Any other documentary evidence to establish the beneficiary has been engaged in a full course of study and working towards program completion.
[align="left"]2. Maintenance of Status – Curricular Practical Training[/align]
[align="left"]The record indicates that the beneficiary was authorized CPT while attending the B University from June X, 2014 to December X, 2014. Since the evidence of record indicates that the beneficiary is or was participating in CPT, provide the following:[/align][align="left"];The name of the course and course code in which the beneficiary is or was enrolled that requires CPT;[/align][align="left"];Documentary evidence that immediate participation in CPT was required for the beneficiary’s studies;
;Documentary evidence establishing both the beneficiary’s current major and that CPT is/was an integral (essential) part of the beneficiary’s degree program at B University;[/align][align="left"];A letter from the beneficiary’s CPT employer(s), explaining the beneficiary’s job duties, pay, and period of employment;[/align][align="left"];Evidence of the cooperative agreement(s) between your company and B University;[/align][align="left"];A detailed statement explaining how the beneficiary obtained CPT employment with your company; whether individually, through the school, or through an outside company or consultancy;[/align];Evidence that the beneficiary’s CPT is or was directly related to his or her major area of study.
3.Maintenance of Status – Misclassification
[align="left"]Evidence in the record shows that the beneficiary attended C University as an F-1 nonimmigrant studying XX major. It appears that XX major is a vocational, technical, or non-academic program.[/align][align="left"]According to Immigration and Custom Enforcement’s Student and Exchange Visitor Program, C University is authorized to issue certificates of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant Student Status (Form I-20 A-B) for F-1 classification only to students who will engage in the school’s Language Training programs. Although the school may be authorized to accept foreign students in vocational, technical, or non-academic education programs, student enrolled in these programs would be issued a Certificate of Eligibility for Nonimmigrant (M-1) Student Status-For Vocational Students (Form M-N).[/align]Please provide documentary evidence to establish that the beneficiary has, and continues to maintain, valid F-1 Status.
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