Writing-133个常用词汇变换
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[/align][align="left"]1）以词根为基础变换词性，如变benefit 为beneficial, beneficially[/align][align="left"]2）以词性为基础变词形，如变benefit 为recognition , reward[/align][align="left"]3）以词意为基础变词性、词形，如变think为 attitude，view，belief,note, claim, thought等[/align][align="left"] [/align][align="left"]1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) , essential,vital, profound, play a pushing role, indispensable,requisite, critical, fundamental, primary, consequential, momentous, eminent, prominent,pivotal, substantial[/align][align="left"] [/align][align="left"]- I think that A is more important than B. [/align][align="left"]- A plays an/aimportantrole to B.[/align][align="left"]- A is of (great\enormous\significant\awesome)importance to B.[/align][align="left"]- B can not (live\developed\grow\survive\achieve) without A.[/align][align="left"]- A means (a lot\a great deal\much) to B.[/align][align="left"]- The importance of A (to B) can never be (exaggerated\denied\ignored\doubted).[/align][align="left"]- A is everything/thewhole world to B.[/align][align="left"]- B is fundamental on A.[/align][align="left"]- A matters/countsto B.[/align][align="left"]- Nothing is more crucial to B than A.[/align][align="left"]- A is to B what the (foundation is to a skyscraper\water is to fish\theheart is to a human)[/align][align="left"] [/align][align="left"]2. unimportant—marginal/peripheral/ negligible/ trifling/trivial[/align][align="left"]3. show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people), convey, reveal, express,corroborate, justify, imply, verify, clarify, signify,exemplify, illuminate, substantiate, elucidate, denote, characterized as,instruct, display, disclose, indicate, means, explain, give an/a example(reason, explanation) of, bear out, point out, point toward…[/align][align="left"]4. despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL),however, moreover, on the contrary, nevertheless, nonetheless, on theother hand, although, even thought, though, even if, while, as, despite the fact that…[/align][align="left"]5. common=universal,ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere), mundane(veryordinary and not at all interesting or unusual), ordinary[/align][align="left"]6. abundant=ample(enough andusually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)[/align][align="left"]7. stick=adhere, cling(hold onsomething tightly)[/align][align="left"]8. neglect=ignore(difference:neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore meansno attention.)[/align][align="left"]9. near=adjacent(two things nextto each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)[/align][align="left"]10. pursue=woo(man woos woman,old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)[/align][align="left"]11. accurate=precise(precise isexact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)[/align][align="left"]12. surpass=eclipse/exceed/override/overwhelming/prevail/transcend/be superior to/ outwit / outweigh[/align][align="left"]13. 居首位的:leading—foremost/ paramount/ overriding /predominant/ prevailing/ preeminentprevalent/ supreme[/align][align="left"]14. firstly =previously, beforehand, foremost, initially, originally,formerly, principally, mainly, essentially, basically, generally,commonly, universally, on the whole, fundamentally, to begin with, tostart with, first of all, at the outset[/align][align="left"]15. 什么的到来=advent ofsomething[/align][align="left"]16. 初始的: beginning--primitive//budding/ fledgling/ embryonic[/align][align="left"]17. then=subsequently, afterward, thereafter, after that, succeeding (adj.), secondarily,what is more, furthermore (furthermore)…[/align][align="left"]18. lastly= ultimately,eventually, in conclusion, to conclude, as a final point, lastof all, last but not least, finally…[/align][align="left"]19. too= aswell (句末), inaddition, besides, moreover, additionally, to boot,excessively, also…[/align][align="left"]20. and=plus, as well as, along with, in addition,bonus, with…
Or= otherwise, if not, before, or else…[/align][align="left"]21. because= as, due to, since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that…[/align][align="left"]22. very=extremely, acutely, decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly,uncommonly, profoundly, unusually…[/align][align="left"]23. increase=magnify, expand, proliferate, mushroom, improve, enhance, advance, amplify,add-augment, supplement[/align][align="left"]24. advantage=benefit, dominance, precedence, profit, superiority, merit…[/align][align="left"]25. disadvantage=shortcoming, weakness, inconvenience, drawback, deficiency, flaw, handicap(also v. 妨碍), downside, limitation.[/align][align="left"]26. multiply=mushroom,proliferate, sprout, accelerate, burgeon[/align][align="left"]27. bolster= buttress, consolidate, reinforce, intensify,fortify[/align][align="left"]28. 加重，升级 aggravate (恶化) = escalate/exacerbate/ deteriorate/ impair[/align][align="left"]29. 减少，减弱:decrease=abate/attenuate/ detract/ diminish/ slacken/curb/ curtail/(number)pare/ prune/ slash/ trim/ whittle, relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain orsufferings less intense or severe)[/align][align="left"]30. 减轻decrease=allay/assuage/ mollify/ soothe/mitigate[/align][align="left"]31. 变弱decrease=dwindle/ebb/ subside/ wane/ weaken/ impair[/align][align="left"]32. top=peak, summit, ascend, lift,surge, rocket/ boast/ soar/ boom
达到顶峰 [/align][align="left"]33. culminate顶点: peak=acme/apex/pinnacle/ climax/ apogee n.远地点/zenith(nadir最低点 orabyss深渊)(zenith & nadir特别适合用在比喻 强调两者的区别大)[/align][align="left"]34. 下降 descend=plummet/plunge/ slump/ tumble (fluctuate波动)[/align][align="left"]35. competitor=rival,opponent(especially in sports and politics) [/align][align="left"]36. archaic,antiquated, obsolescent, obsolete[/align][align="left"]37. gather聚拢=accumulate/amass/ assemble/ congregate/ garner/ glean/ muster/ rally(为反对或支持而召集)[/align][align="left"]38. group群组=battalion/ bevy/cluster/ drove/ flock/ swarm/ throng[/align][align="left"]39. combination集合=assortment/medley/ mosaic（马赛克）/motley(五花八门：形容词也可以)[/align][align="left"]40. many= numerous,myriad, infinite, an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, “many, if not most”, manifold, abundant,ample(充足), copious(大量的)/ fraught with/replete with/ numerous/ innumerable(不计其数), multitudes of/ a myriad of 无数的人们/ limitless无限的/ a deluge of/beaucoup <法>adj.非常多的
用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that…
Most individuals, if not all,harbor the idea that…[/align][align="left"]41. largequantity = avalanche/ spate(比喻意大量的某物) / exodus大量流出,大量流入influx, multitude大量, plethora 比喻大量,profusion 丰富，繁多[/align][align="left"]42. 散开spread=dispel(驱散)/ disperse/disseminate[/align][align="left"]43. 稀少的 scarce/ meager/ scant/scanty/ skimpy/ sparse/ dearth[/align][align="left"]44. 节俭的 frugal/ thrifty/miserly/ [/align][align="left"]45. 富裕的 rich- affluent/ lavish/luxurious/ opulent/ sumptuous/ palatial[/align][align="left"]46. 浪费的improvident/prodigal son（浪荡子）=improvident/profligate[/align][align="left"]47. 贫困的 poor= destitute/impoverished/ impecunious/ indigent (形容人)[/align][align="left"]48. difficult=arduous (ifsomething is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot ofefforts), hard, tricky, knotty, thorny, formidable, strenuous, daunting,exacting, insuperable/ impassable/ onerous, (issue中大量存在"困难"的表达)[/align][align="left"]49. 陷入困难的处境 difficultsituations= deadlock/ impasse/ stalemate/ dilemma/ predicament/ quandary/ mire泥沼/ morass/ swamp/quagmire/ standstill停止，僵局/labyrinth迷宫[/align][align="left"]50. 陷入= get bogged down,plunge into, embroil, ensnare, entangle,[/align][align="left"]51. 复杂的：complicated/intricate/ complex[/align][align="left"]52. 复杂的事情 imbroglio/ mesh/tangle/ labyrinth迷宫= maze[/align][align="left"]53. 从复杂境地脱身 escape=extricate[/align][align="left"]54. 难以理解 abstruse/ recondite/ intricate/arcane只有少数人可以理解=esoteric/cryptic 简短却令人迷惑/enigmatic 谜一般的enigma 形容词形式/inexplicable无法解释/inscrutable无法捉摸=unfathomable/mysterious/ supernatural/ mystical/ extraterrestrial [/align][align="left"]55. 令人迷惑：puzzle = baffle/befuddle/ bewilder/ confound/ mystify/ perplex [/align][align="left"]56. 令人沮丧：depressed= withdepression/ frustrating/ daunting/ dismal[/align][align="left"]57. 使可以理解：clarify= elucidate/ enlighten启迪教化/ explicate阐明/ expound on/upon /illuminate照亮说清楚[/align][align="left"]58. 阻碍n. hindrance =fetter/ shackle/ trammel枷锁桎梏/ onus负担重任[/align][align="left"]59. 阻碍v. hamper =encumber造成负担/foil/ stymie/ thwart阻碍或者挫败工作完成/ handicap/hinder/ impede/ retard[/align][align="left"]60. 压制 smother/ stifle 令人窒息，压制约束 suppress/ pindown[/align][align="left"]61. 协助促进 aid = facilitate/foster/ nurture/ buttress/[/align][align="left"]62. blame=condemn(if you condemnsomething, you say it is very bad and unacceptable), 应该受到谴责的reprehensible,censure/ denounce/ reprimand/ decry/ deprecate/ deplore叹惋/ lament 叹惋 / remonstrate争辩，申辩[/align][align="left"]63. famous= celebrated/ renowned/ reputed/distinguished/ illustrious/ prestigious/ outstanding/ distinctive/ eminent/notable/ noticeable/ striking/ remarkable/ preeminent
be famous for = take pride in elite=meritocratic (meritocracy n.知识界精华)[/align][align="left"]64. 有特色 feature = savor/ 因为什么而闻名可用famous一系列
臭名昭著 disreputable = infamous/ notorious/ nefarious因为极坏而臭名昭著
好的名声reputation= esteem/ prestige(describe those who are admired), fame
坏的名声disgrace/disrepute/ ignominy/ infamy/ odium/ opprobrium/ stigma [/align][align="left"]65. 尊重 n. respect = reverence/veneration/ homage
尊重v. idolize/worship/ lionize 对待名人一样的崇拜/revere敬爱，敬畏[/align][align="left"]66. 不尊重 n. disrespect = scorn蔑视
不尊重v.disrespect/ deride/ scoff嘲笑/ despise/disdain/ slight/ snub[/align][align="left"]67. 高尚的 noble = rarefied/sublime/ lofty
招人轻视的 contemptible = despicable [/align][align="left"]68. 赞扬n. praise=accolade赞美，奖项/approbation/ encomium/ eulogy/, extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)[/align][align="left"]69. panegyric/plaudit/ tribute/ tribute用来表示赞美的行为或者发言
赞美 v. praise= acclaim/ applaud/ hail欢呼/commend/ extol/ laud高度的，常常带有美化成分的赞美[/align][align="left"]70. 责备 admonish/ reproach/reprove温和的责备
严厉责备v.berate/ castigate/ chastise/ chide/ excoriate/ inveigh/ rail/ revile/ upbraid[/align][align="left"]71. 令人讨厌的事物n. anathema
谩骂的 abusive/ vituperative[/align][align="left"]72. opinion=perspective,standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way), view,idea[/align][align="left"]73. ruin=devastate (it meansdamage something very badly, or utterly destroy it), destroy, crush, shatter,wipe out, wreck, obliterate, undermine, destroy, annihilate彻底消灭/ exterminate终结/ eliminate/eradicate/ decimate/ demolish/ dismantle, raze 彻底摧毁夷为平地, ravage, wreck遭受重创，严重破坏/ obliterate擦去/ pulverize 磨成粉末状/ subvert 颠覆[/align][align="left"]74. harmfulthings= contagion传染病瘟疫epidemic/ pandemic也有流行的意思/pestilence/plague疾病 malady 瘴气 miasma比喻意为有害的气氛或者影响 灾患 scourge[/align][align="left"]75. harmful= deleterious/ detrimental/ noxious/ toxic/ virulent/ monstrous/ murderous [/align][align="left"]76. evil/devil= cruel/ crude/ brutal/ wicked/ vicious/ malicious/ atrocious/ virulent/venomous / sinister, vicious/ pernicious/ destructive/ detrimental [/align][align="left"]77. fatal/lethal前两个并非贬义/pernicious极其有害的[/align][align="left"]78. 有益的hygienic/sanitary 广义的卫生的/salutary/wholesome有益身心的[/align][align="left"]79. 损害harm = blemish/deface/ disfigure/ eviscerate/ impair减损/main mutilate毁伤肢体/ mar/spoil破坏 demolish[/align][align="left"]80. 有益的事物 antidote 解毒药/ remedy药物 纠错/ panacea 万能良药elixir 炼金药，万能药(有贬义含义)/ boon赐福blessing / tonic 补药[/align][align="left"]81. improve= ameliorate/ amend/ 对法律的修改/rectify/ redress/ [/align][align="left"]82. 可怕的 awful = horrible/ terrible/tragic/ wretched / dire[/align][align="left"]83. 复苏，复兴 v. revive= rejuvenate/resurrect/ resuscitate/ revive[/align][align="left"]84. 动荡的，混乱的 tumultuous/turbulent/ [/align][align="left"]85. 混乱n. chaos/confusion/ disorder / mayhem/ disarray/ havoc大面积的破坏-混乱 pandemonium 撒旦居住的地方，比喻嘈杂，混乱的地方/shambles废墟/turmoil 混乱，动荡/upheaval突发的巨变[/align][align="left"]86. 灾难 calamity/ cataclysm/catastrophe [/align][align="left"]87. 危及 v. endanger/ compromise/imperil/ jeopardize[/align][align="left"]88. 保护 protect = safeguard[/align][align="left"]89. Forexample, For instance, To illustrate, As an illustration[/align][align="left"]90. build=erect(you can erectsomething as buildings, FORMAL), establish[/align][align="left"]91. insult=humiliate(do somethingor say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)[/align][align="left"]92. force=coerces into(coercemeans you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel[/align][align="left"]93. enlarge=magnify(magnify meansmake something larger than it really is)[/align][align="left"]94. big=massive(largein size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’slarge), gigantic, enormous, immense, gargantuan, titanic, giant, vast,large, huge, monster, bulky, tremendous(INFORMAL)[/align][align="left"]95. small=minuscule(verysmall), minute, minimum, diminutive, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny, little,petite（女子身高娇小）[/align][align="left"]96. hard-working=assiduous(someonewho is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly[/align][align="left"]97. fragile=brittle,vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)[/align][align="left"]98. avoid=shun(if someone shunssomething, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)[/align][align="left"]99. fair=impartial(someone who isimpartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)[/align][align="left"]100.attack=assault (physicallyattack someone), assail (attack violently)[/align][align="left"]101.dislike=abhor(abhor means youhate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike verymuch)! [/align][align="left"]102.always=invariably(the same asalways, but better than always), immutable(something immutable will neverchange or be changed)[/align][align="left"]103.forever=perpetual(a perpetualstate never changes), infinity, eternal, timeless, everlasting，undying,endless, changeless[/align][align="left"]104.surprise=startle(it meanssurprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(thesame as astound)[/align][align="left"]105.enthusiasm=zeal (a greatenthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)#[/align][align="left"]106.quiet=tranquil(calm andpeaceful), serene(calm and quiet)![/align][align="left"]107.expensive=exorbitant(it meanstoo expensive that it should be)[/align][align="left"]108.luxurious=lavish(impressiveand very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive[/align][align="left"]109.boring=tedious(if you describesomething tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)[/align][align="left"]110.worry=fret(if you fret aboutsomething, you worry about it)[/align][align="left"]111.cold=chilly(unpleasantlycold), icy(extremely cold)[/align][align="left"]112.dangerous=perilous(verydangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health), breakneck,chancy (informal), insecure, precarious, risky, unsafe, vulnerable[/align][align="left"]113.only=unique(the only one ofits kind), distinctive, just, merely, barely, singly, solely, rarely[/align][align="left"]114.stop=cease(if somethingceases, it stops happening or existing), halt, desist, end, pause, put an endto, quit, refrain, shut down, terminate…[/align][align="left"]115.part=component(the componentsof something are the parts that it is made of)[/align][align="left"]116.result=consequence(the resultsor effects of something)[/align][align="left"]117.obvious=apparent, manifest,clear, blatant, comprehensible, conspicuous, distinct, evident, palpable,plain, pronounced, recognizable, transparent, intelligible, lucid,plain, understandable, uninvolved[/align][align="left"]118.based on=derived from (can seeor notice them very easily)[/align][align="left"]119.pathetic=lamentable(veryuncomfortable and disappointing)[/align][align="left"]120.wet=moist(slightly wet),damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)! [/align][align="left"]121.change=convert(change intoanother form)[/align][align="left"]122.typical=quintessential(thisword means represent a typical example of something)[/align][align="left"]123.careful=cautious(very carefulin order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)[/align][align="left"]124.strange=eccentric(if some oneis eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different frommost people)[/align][align="left"]125.dubious=skeptical(if you areskeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)[/align][align="left"]126.satisfy=gratify (if you aregratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)[/align][align="left"]127.short=fleeting, ephemeral(ifsomething is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)[/align][align="left"]128.angry=enraged(extremely angry),annoyed, cross, displeased, enraged, exasperated, incensed, infuriated, irate,mad (informal), livid (informal), berserk, outraged, resentful[/align][align="left"]129.ugly=hideous(if something ishideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#[/align][align="left"]130.attractive=appealing(pleasingand attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)[/align][align="left"]131.diverse=miscellaneous(amiscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things) [/align][align="left"]132.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION:meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly) [/align][align="left"]133.weaken=diminish / debilitate/ enervate/ sap/ undermine/perish/wane
weak= feeble/ decrepit/ frail/ flaccid/ impotent/ puny/ tenuous[/align]
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[/align][align="left"]1）以词根为基础变换词性，如变benefit 为beneficial, beneficially[/align][align="left"]2）以词性为基础变词形，如变benefit 为recognition , reward[/align][align="left"]3）以词意为基础变词性、词形，如变think为 attitude，view，belief,note, claim, thought等[/align][align="left"] [/align][align="left"]1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) , essential,vital, profound, play a pushing role, indispensable,requisite, critical, fundamental, primary, consequential, momentous, eminent, prominent,pivotal, substantial[/align][align="left"] [/align][align="left"]- I think that A is more important than B. [/align][align="left"]- A plays an/aimportantrole to B.[/align][align="left"]- A is of (great\enormous\significant\awesome)importance to B.[/align][align="left"]- B can not (live\developed\grow\survive\achieve) without A.[/align][align="left"]- A means (a lot\a great deal\much) to B.[/align][align="left"]- The importance of A (to B) can never be (exaggerated\denied\ignored\doubted).[/align][align="left"]- A is everything/thewhole world to B.[/align][align="left"]- B is fundamental on A.[/align][align="left"]- A matters/countsto B.[/align][align="left"]- Nothing is more crucial to B than A.[/align][align="left"]- A is to B what the (foundation is to a skyscraper\water is to fish\theheart is to a human)[/align][align="left"] [/align][align="left"]2. unimportant—marginal/peripheral/ negligible/ trifling/trivial[/align][align="left"]3. show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people), convey, reveal, express,corroborate, justify, imply, verify, clarify, signify,exemplify, illuminate, substantiate, elucidate, denote, characterized as,instruct, display, disclose, indicate, means, explain, give an/a example(reason, explanation) of, bear out, point out, point toward…[/align][align="left"]4. despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL),however, moreover, on the contrary, nevertheless, nonetheless, on theother hand, although, even thought, though, even if, while, as, despite the fact that…[/align][align="left"]5. common=universal,ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere), mundane(veryordinary and not at all interesting or unusual), ordinary[/align][align="left"]6. abundant=ample(enough andusually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)[/align][align="left"]7. stick=adhere, cling(hold onsomething tightly)[/align][align="left"]8. neglect=ignore(difference:neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore meansno attention.)[/align][align="left"]9. near=adjacent(two things nextto each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)[/align][align="left"]10. pursue=woo(man woos woman,old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)[/align][align="left"]11. accurate=precise(precise isexact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)[/align][align="left"]12. surpass=eclipse/exceed/override/overwhelming/prevail/transcend/be superior to/ outwit / outweigh[/align][align="left"]13. 居首位的:leading—foremost/ paramount/ overriding /predominant/ prevailing/ preeminentprevalent/ supreme[/align][align="left"]14. firstly =previously, beforehand, foremost, initially, originally,formerly, principally, mainly, essentially, basically, generally,commonly, universally, on the whole, fundamentally, to begin with, tostart with, first of all, at the outset[/align][align="left"]15. 什么的到来=advent ofsomething[/align][align="left"]16. 初始的: beginning--primitive//budding/ fledgling/ embryonic[/align][align="left"]17. then=subsequently, afterward, thereafter, after that, succeeding (adj.), secondarily,what is more, furthermore (furthermore)…[/align][align="left"]18. lastly= ultimately,eventually, in conclusion, to conclude, as a final point, lastof all, last but not least, finally…[/align][align="left"]19. too= aswell (句末), inaddition, besides, moreover, additionally, to boot,excessively, also…[/align][align="left"]20. and=plus, as well as, along with, in addition,bonus, with…
Or= otherwise, if not, before, or else…[/align][align="left"]21. because= as, due to, since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that…[/align][align="left"]22. very=extremely, acutely, decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly,uncommonly, profoundly, unusually…[/align][align="left"]23. increase=magnify, expand, proliferate, mushroom, improve, enhance, advance, amplify,add-augment, supplement[/align][align="left"]24. advantage=benefit, dominance, precedence, profit, superiority, merit…[/align][align="left"]25. disadvantage=shortcoming, weakness, inconvenience, drawback, deficiency, flaw, handicap(also v. 妨碍), downside, limitation.[/align][align="left"]26. multiply=mushroom,proliferate, sprout, accelerate, burgeon[/align][align="left"]27. bolster= buttress, consolidate, reinforce, intensify,fortify[/align][align="left"]28. 加重，升级 aggravate (恶化) = escalate/exacerbate/ deteriorate/ impair[/align][align="left"]29. 减少，减弱:decrease=abate/attenuate/ detract/ diminish/ slacken/curb/ curtail/(number)pare/ prune/ slash/ trim/ whittle, relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain orsufferings less intense or severe)[/align][align="left"]30. 减轻decrease=allay/assuage/ mollify/ soothe/mitigate[/align][align="left"]31. 变弱decrease=dwindle/ebb/ subside/ wane/ weaken/ impair[/align][align="left"]32. top=peak, summit, ascend, lift,surge, rocket/ boast/ soar/ boom
达到顶峰 [/align][align="left"]33. culminate顶点: peak=acme/apex/pinnacle/ climax/ apogee n.远地点/zenith(nadir最低点 orabyss深渊)(zenith & nadir特别适合用在比喻 强调两者的区别大)[/align][align="left"]34. 下降 descend=plummet/plunge/ slump/ tumble (fluctuate波动)[/align][align="left"]35. competitor=rival,opponent(especially in sports and politics) [/align][align="left"]36. archaic,antiquated, obsolescent, obsolete[/align][align="left"]37. gather聚拢=accumulate/amass/ assemble/ congregate/ garner/ glean/ muster/ rally(为反对或支持而召集)[/align][align="left"]38. group群组=battalion/ bevy/cluster/ drove/ flock/ swarm/ throng[/align][align="left"]39. combination集合=assortment/medley/ mosaic（马赛克）/motley(五花八门：形容词也可以)[/align][align="left"]40. many= numerous,myriad, infinite, an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, “many, if not most”, manifold, abundant,ample(充足), copious(大量的)/ fraught with/replete with/ numerous/ innumerable(不计其数), multitudes of/ a myriad of 无数的人们/ limitless无限的/ a deluge of/beaucoup <法>adj.非常多的
用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that…
Most individuals, if not all,harbor the idea that…[/align][align="left"]41. largequantity = avalanche/ spate(比喻意大量的某物) / exodus大量流出,大量流入influx, multitude大量, plethora 比喻大量,profusion 丰富，繁多[/align][align="left"]42. 散开spread=dispel(驱散)/ disperse/disseminate[/align][align="left"]43. 稀少的 scarce/ meager/ scant/scanty/ skimpy/ sparse/ dearth[/align][align="left"]44. 节俭的 frugal/ thrifty/miserly/ [/align][align="left"]45. 富裕的 rich- affluent/ lavish/luxurious/ opulent/ sumptuous/ palatial[/align][align="left"]46. 浪费的improvident/prodigal son（浪荡子）=improvident/profligate[/align][align="left"]47. 贫困的 poor= destitute/impoverished/ impecunious/ indigent (形容人)[/align][align="left"]48. difficult=arduous (ifsomething is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot ofefforts), hard, tricky, knotty, thorny, formidable, strenuous, daunting,exacting, insuperable/ impassable/ onerous, (issue中大量存在"困难"的表达)[/align][align="left"]49. 陷入困难的处境 difficultsituations= deadlock/ impasse/ stalemate/ dilemma/ predicament/ quandary/ mire泥沼/ morass/ swamp/quagmire/ standstill停止，僵局/labyrinth迷宫[/align][align="left"]50. 陷入= get bogged down,plunge into, embroil, ensnare, entangle,[/align][align="left"]51. 复杂的：complicated/intricate/ complex[/align][align="left"]52. 复杂的事情 imbroglio/ mesh/tangle/ labyrinth迷宫= maze[/align][align="left"]53. 从复杂境地脱身 escape=extricate[/align][align="left"]54. 难以理解 abstruse/ recondite/ intricate/arcane只有少数人可以理解=esoteric/cryptic 简短却令人迷惑/enigmatic 谜一般的enigma 形容词形式/inexplicable无法解释/inscrutable无法捉摸=unfathomable/mysterious/ supernatural/ mystical/ extraterrestrial [/align][align="left"]55. 令人迷惑：puzzle = baffle/befuddle/ bewilder/ confound/ mystify/ perplex [/align][align="left"]56. 令人沮丧：depressed= withdepression/ frustrating/ daunting/ dismal[/align][align="left"]57. 使可以理解：clarify= elucidate/ enlighten启迪教化/ explicate阐明/ expound on/upon /illuminate照亮说清楚[/align][align="left"]58. 阻碍n. hindrance =fetter/ shackle/ trammel枷锁桎梏/ onus负担重任[/align][align="left"]59. 阻碍v. hamper =encumber造成负担/foil/ stymie/ thwart阻碍或者挫败工作完成/ handicap/hinder/ impede/ retard[/align][align="left"]60. 压制 smother/ stifle 令人窒息，压制约束 suppress/ pindown[/align][align="left"]61. 协助促进 aid = facilitate/foster/ nurture/ buttress/[/align][align="left"]62. blame=condemn(if you condemnsomething, you say it is very bad and unacceptable), 应该受到谴责的reprehensible,censure/ denounce/ reprimand/ decry/ deprecate/ deplore叹惋/ lament 叹惋 / remonstrate争辩，申辩[/align][align="left"]63. famous= celebrated/ renowned/ reputed/distinguished/ illustrious/ prestigious/ outstanding/ distinctive/ eminent/notable/ noticeable/ striking/ remarkable/ preeminent
be famous for = take pride in elite=meritocratic (meritocracy n.知识界精华)[/align][align="left"]64. 有特色 feature = savor/ 因为什么而闻名可用famous一系列
臭名昭著 disreputable = infamous/ notorious/ nefarious因为极坏而臭名昭著
好的名声reputation= esteem/ prestige(describe those who are admired), fame
坏的名声disgrace/disrepute/ ignominy/ infamy/ odium/ opprobrium/ stigma [/align][align="left"]65. 尊重 n. respect = reverence/veneration/ homage
尊重v. idolize/worship/ lionize 对待名人一样的崇拜/revere敬爱，敬畏[/align][align="left"]66. 不尊重 n. disrespect = scorn蔑视
不尊重v.disrespect/ deride/ scoff嘲笑/ despise/disdain/ slight/ snub[/align][align="left"]67. 高尚的 noble = rarefied/sublime/ lofty
招人轻视的 contemptible = despicable [/align][align="left"]68. 赞扬n. praise=accolade赞美，奖项/approbation/ encomium/ eulogy/, extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)[/align][align="left"]69. panegyric/plaudit/ tribute/ tribute用来表示赞美的行为或者发言
赞美 v. praise= acclaim/ applaud/ hail欢呼/commend/ extol/ laud高度的，常常带有美化成分的赞美[/align][align="left"]70. 责备 admonish/ reproach/reprove温和的责备
严厉责备v.berate/ castigate/ chastise/ chide/ excoriate/ inveigh/ rail/ revile/ upbraid[/align][align="left"]71. 令人讨厌的事物n. anathema
谩骂的 abusive/ vituperative[/align][align="left"]72. opinion=perspective,standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way), view,idea[/align][align="left"]73. ruin=devastate (it meansdamage something very badly, or utterly destroy it), destroy, crush, shatter,wipe out, wreck, obliterate, undermine, destroy, annihilate彻底消灭/ exterminate终结/ eliminate/eradicate/ decimate/ demolish/ dismantle, raze 彻底摧毁夷为平地, ravage, wreck遭受重创，严重破坏/ obliterate擦去/ pulverize 磨成粉末状/ subvert 颠覆[/align][align="left"]74. harmfulthings= contagion传染病瘟疫epidemic/ pandemic也有流行的意思/pestilence/plague疾病 malady 瘴气 miasma比喻意为有害的气氛或者影响 灾患 scourge[/align][align="left"]75. harmful= deleterious/ detrimental/ noxious/ toxic/ virulent/ monstrous/ murderous [/align][align="left"]76. evil/devil= cruel/ crude/ brutal/ wicked/ vicious/ malicious/ atrocious/ virulent/venomous / sinister, vicious/ pernicious/ destructive/ detrimental [/align][align="left"]77. fatal/lethal前两个并非贬义/pernicious极其有害的[/align][align="left"]78. 有益的hygienic/sanitary 广义的卫生的/salutary/wholesome有益身心的[/align][align="left"]79. 损害harm = blemish/deface/ disfigure/ eviscerate/ impair减损/main mutilate毁伤肢体/ mar/spoil破坏 demolish[/align][align="left"]80. 有益的事物 antidote 解毒药/ remedy药物 纠错/ panacea 万能良药elixir 炼金药，万能药(有贬义含义)/ boon赐福blessing / tonic 补药[/align][align="left"]81. improve= ameliorate/ amend/ 对法律的修改/rectify/ redress/ [/align][align="left"]82. 可怕的 awful = horrible/ terrible/tragic/ wretched / dire[/align][align="left"]83. 复苏，复兴 v. revive= rejuvenate/resurrect/ resuscitate/ revive[/align][align="left"]84. 动荡的，混乱的 tumultuous/turbulent/ [/align][align="left"]85. 混乱n. chaos/confusion/ disorder / mayhem/ disarray/ havoc大面积的破坏-混乱 pandemonium 撒旦居住的地方，比喻嘈杂，混乱的地方/shambles废墟/turmoil 混乱，动荡/upheaval突发的巨变[/align][align="left"]86. 灾难 calamity/ cataclysm/catastrophe [/align][align="left"]87. 危及 v. endanger/ compromise/imperil/ jeopardize[/align][align="left"]88. 保护 protect = safeguard[/align][align="left"]89. Forexample, For instance, To illustrate, As an illustration[/align][align="left"]90. build=erect(you can erectsomething as buildings, FORMAL), establish[/align][align="left"]91. insult=humiliate(do somethingor say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)[/align][align="left"]92. force=coerces into(coercemeans you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel[/align][align="left"]93. enlarge=magnify(magnify meansmake something larger than it really is)[/align][align="left"]94. big=massive(largein size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’slarge), gigantic, enormous, immense, gargantuan, titanic, giant, vast,large, huge, monster, bulky, tremendous(INFORMAL)[/align][align="left"]95. small=minuscule(verysmall), minute, minimum, diminutive, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny, little,petite（女子身高娇小）[/align][align="left"]96. hard-working=assiduous(someonewho is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly[/align][align="left"]97. fragile=brittle,vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)[/align][align="left"]98. avoid=shun(if someone shunssomething, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)[/align][align="left"]99. fair=impartial(someone who isimpartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)[/align][align="left"]100.attack=assault (physicallyattack someone), assail (attack violently)[/align][align="left"]101.dislike=abhor(abhor means youhate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike verymuch)! [/align][align="left"]102.always=invariably(the same asalways, but better than always), immutable(something immutable will neverchange or be changed)[/align][align="left"]103.forever=perpetual(a perpetualstate never changes), infinity, eternal, timeless, everlasting，undying,endless, changeless[/align][align="left"]104.surprise=startle(it meanssurprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(thesame as astound)[/align][align="left"]105.enthusiasm=zeal (a greatenthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)#[/align][align="left"]106.quiet=tranquil(calm andpeaceful), serene(calm and quiet)![/align][align="left"]107.expensive=exorbitant(it meanstoo expensive that it should be)[/align][align="left"]108.luxurious=lavish(impressiveand very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive[/align][align="left"]109.boring=tedious(if you describesomething tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)[/align][align="left"]110.worry=fret(if you fret aboutsomething, you worry about it)[/align][align="left"]111.cold=chilly(unpleasantlycold), icy(extremely cold)[/align][align="left"]112.dangerous=perilous(verydangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health), breakneck,chancy (informal), insecure, precarious, risky, unsafe, vulnerable[/align][align="left"]113.only=unique(the only one ofits kind), distinctive, just, merely, barely, singly, solely, rarely[/align][align="left"]114.stop=cease(if somethingceases, it stops happening or existing), halt, desist, end, pause, put an endto, quit, refrain, shut down, terminate…[/align][align="left"]115.part=component(the componentsof something are the parts that it is made of)[/align][align="left"]116.result=consequence(the resultsor effects of something)[/align][align="left"]117.obvious=apparent, manifest,clear, blatant, comprehensible, conspicuous, distinct, evident, palpable,plain, pronounced, recognizable, transparent, intelligible, lucid,plain, understandable, uninvolved[/align][align="left"]118.based on=derived from (can seeor notice them very easily)[/align][align="left"]119.pathetic=lamentable(veryuncomfortable and disappointing)[/align][align="left"]120.wet=moist(slightly wet),damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)! [/align][align="left"]121.change=convert(change intoanother form)[/align][align="left"]122.typical=quintessential(thisword means represent a typical example of something)[/align][align="left"]123.careful=cautious(very carefulin order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)[/align][align="left"]124.strange=eccentric(if some oneis eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different frommost people)[/align][align="left"]125.dubious=skeptical(if you areskeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)[/align][align="left"]126.satisfy=gratify (if you aregratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)[/align][align="left"]127.short=fleeting, ephemeral(ifsomething is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)[/align][align="left"]128.angry=enraged(extremely angry),annoyed, cross, displeased, enraged, exasperated, incensed, infuriated, irate,mad (informal), livid (informal), berserk, outraged, resentful[/align][align="left"]129.ugly=hideous(if something ishideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#[/align][align="left"]130.attractive=appealing(pleasingand attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)[/align][align="left"]131.diverse=miscellaneous(amiscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things) [/align][align="left"]132.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION:meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly) [/align][align="left"]133.weaken=diminish / debilitate/ enervate/ sap/ undermine/perish/wane
weak= feeble/ decrepit/ frail/ flaccid/ impotent/ puny/ tenuous[/align]
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