2018.9.1考题回忆-求大米多谢！
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考完回馈地里一波，各位觉得有用请赏点大米呀！
【作文】
①issue
43 The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it
solves.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or
disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position
you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider
ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how
these considerations shape your position.
②argument
84 The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.
"Two studies of amphibians in Xanadu National Park confirm a significant
decline in the numbers of amphibians. In 1975 there were seven species of
amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each
species. However, in 2002 only four species of amphibians were observed
in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced.
One proposed explanation is that the decline was caused by the
introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1975. (Trout are
known to eat amphibian eggs.)"
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative
explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how
your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the
argument.
【verbal】
1. By cosmic standards, Earth and its fellow terrestrial planets are chemical _____: they consist of
primarily four elements (iron, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen) that are rare elsewhere in the
universe.
A. prototypes
B. mavericks
C. malefactors
D. paragons
E. old-timers
Passage 88-注：这篇阅读被转换成了一道单空题进行考察
The waters east of Cape Hangklip were once the center of a lucrative wild-caught abalone
fishery, but illegal fishing in the mid-1990s escalated to such levels that the recreational fishery
was closed in 2003. When abalones did not rebound, commercial fishing was also banned.
Continue declines in abalone were attributed to poaching, but an invasion by rock lobsters
during the early 1990s probably intensified the trend. Rock lobsters prey on sea urchins, and
increased rock lobster densities coincided with significant decreases in urchins. In that area,
urchins feed largely by trapping drift kelp, and in doing so provide juvenile abalone with both
protective shelter and nourishment. Without urchins’ presence, juvenile abalones are less
likely to survive to adulthood.
1. According to the passage, since the early 1900s, sea urchins in the waters east of Cape
Hangklip have
A. significantly changed their feeding habits
B. suffered increased predation from a certain species
C. experienced increased competition for kelp, their main source of nourishment
D. seen a sharp decline in the availability of kelp, due to environmental changes
E. rebounded as commercial fishing in the region has declined
2. According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the feeding
behaviors of sea urchins
A. They change according to the type of food available in an area.
B. They are responsible for the decline of abalones in some regions.
C. They have a significant impact on the young of another species.
D. They make sea urchins more vulnerable to potential predators.
E. They result in marked decline in certain regions.
Passage 123
Biologist know that some marine algae can create clouds by producing the gas dimethyl
sulphide (DMS), which reacts with oxygen in air above the sea to form solid particles. These
particles provide a surface on which water vapor can condense to form clouds. Lovelock
contends that this process is part of global climatic-control system. According to Lovelock,
Earth acts like a super organism, with all its biological and physical systems cooperating to
keep it healthy. He hypothesized that warmer conditions increase algal activity and DMS
output, seeding more clouds, which cool the planet by blocking out the Sun. Then, as the
climate cools, algal activity and DMS level decrease and the cycle continues. In response to
biologists who question how organisms presumably working for their own selfish ends could
have evolved to behave in a way that benefits not only the planet but the organisms as well,
Lovelock points out that cooling benefits the algae, which remain at the ocean surface,
because it allows the cooled upper layers of the ocean to sink, and then the circulating water
carries nutrients upward from the depths below. Algae may also benefit from nitrogen raining
down from clouds they have helped to form.
1. According to the passage, which of the following occurs as a result of cooling in the upper
layers of the ocean?
A. The concentration of oxygen in the air above the ocean’s surface decreases.
B. The concentration of DMS in the air above the ocean’s surface increases.
C. The nutrient supply at the surface of the ocean is replenished.
D. Cloud formation increases over the ocean.
E. Marine algae make more efficient use of nutrients.
2. Which of the following is most similar to the role played by marine algae in the global
climate control system proposed by Lovelock?
A. a fan that continually replaces stale air in a room with fresh air from outside.
B. a thermostat that automatically controls an air-conditioning system.
C. an insulating blanket that retains heat.
D. a filter used to purify water.
E. a dehumidifier that constantly removes moisture from the air in a room.
3. The passage mentions the possible benefit to algae of nitrogen falling down in the rain most
likely in order to
A. provide support for Lovelock’s response to an objection mentioned in the passage.
B. suggest that the climatic effects of DMS production have been underestimated.
C. acknowledge that Lovelock’s hypothesis is based in part on speculation.
D. demonstrate that DMS production alters the planet in more than one way.
E. assert that algae are the sole beneficiaries of DMS production.
Passage 178
For most of the twentieth century, scholars generally accepted the proposition that nations are
enduring entities that predated the rise of modern nation-states and that provided the social
and cultural foundations of the state. This perspective has certainly been applied to Korea;
most historians have assumed that the Korean nation has existed since the dawn of historical
time. In recent years, however, Western scholars have questioned the idea of the nation as an
enduring entity. Both Gellner and Anderson have argued, in their studies of European, Latin
American, and Southeast Asian cases, that the nation is strictly a modern phenomenon, a
forging of a common sense of identity among previously disparate social groups through the
propagandizing efforts of activities of the modern state. In short, it was the state that created
the nation, not the other way around.
Younger Koreanists, with Em prominent among them, have begun to apply this approach to
Korea. These scholars, noting the isolated nature of village life in premodern Korea and the
sharp difference in regional dialects, suggest that ordinary villagers could not possibly have
thought of themselves as fellow countrymen of villagers in other regions. These scholars also
not the elites, conversely, often had outward-looking, universalistic orientations, as did
aristocracies elsewhere, such as in premodern Europe. Finally, they observe that the very
word for “nation” in Korean, minjok, is a neologism first employed by Japanese scholars as
translation of the Western concept and that it was first appropriated by Korean activists in the
early twentieth century. They argue, therefore, that a Korean “nation” came into being only
after that time.
In short, in the case of Korea we have an argument between “primordialists”, who contend that
nations are natural and universal units of history, and “modernists”, who assert that nations are
historically contingent products of modernity. The positions of both groups seem problematic. It
seems unlikely that in the seventh century the peoples of the warring states of Koguryo,
Peakche, and Shilla all thought of themselves as members of a larger “Korean” collectivity. On
the other hand, the inhabitants of the Korean peninsula had a much longer history —well over
one thousand years—as a unified political collectivity than did the peoples studied by Gellner
and Anderson. Not only does the remarkable endurance of the Korean state imply some sort of
social and cultural basis for that unity, but the nature of the premodern Korean state as a
centralized bureaucratic polity also suggests the possibility that the organizational activities of
the state may have created a homogenous collectivity with a sense of shared identity much
earlier than happened in the countries of western Europe that provide the model for
“modernist” scholarship.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. evaluate two competing views regarding the origin of the Korean nation
B. rebut a controversial perspective on the origin of the Korean nation
C. question the idea of the Korean nation as an enduring entity
D. consider the influence of the modernist positon on younger Koreanists
E. explain some of the unique features of the Korean nation
2. Select the sentence in the third paragraph that provides some information that supports the
position of younger Koreanists regarding the creation of the Korean nation.
3. The author would probably agree with which of the following statements regarding the work
of Gellner and of Anderson?
A. Neither Gellner’s nor Anderson’s work has had a significant influence on the study of the
Korean nation.
B. Their argument that the nation is a strictly modern phenomenon does not hold in the case of
Korea.
C. Both of them have downplayed the propagandizing efforts of Korean intellectuals as a
means of forging a Korean identity.
D. Both of them have exaggerated the homogenizing impact of the state as a factor in the
case of nations.
E. Both them have overestimated the extent to which disparate social groups find a common
sense of identity through belonging to the same nation.
4. According to the author of the passage, a difference between Korea and the “European,
Latin American, and Southeast Asian cases” has to do with
A. the extent of the differences among various regional dialects prior to the establishment of a
national language
B. the number of disparate social groups that existed prior to the creation of a national identity
C. when a nationally unified political entity came into existence
D. whether the bureaucratic state played a role in the creation of the nation
E. the extent to which the creation of the nation fostered significantly greater social and
cultural unity
plus: 第一篇阅读挺绕的，没在200篇里找到，emmmm讲的 algae，coral，reef之间的关系，可能作者想表达的意思是...coral覆盖的reef说明环境健康，但algae替代coral覆盖的reef也不一定是不健康的。
【quantiative】
记得一道没把握的，见附件
预祝大家都早日杀g成功:D
【作文】
①issue
43 The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it
solves.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or
disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position
you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider
ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how
these considerations shape your position.
②argument
84 The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.
"Two studies of amphibians in Xanadu National Park confirm a significant
decline in the numbers of amphibians. In 1975 there were seven species of
amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each
species. However, in 2002 only four species of amphibians were observed
in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced.
One proposed explanation is that the decline was caused by the
introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1975. (Trout are
known to eat amphibian eggs.)"
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative
explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how
your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the
argument.
【verbal】
1. By cosmic standards, Earth and its fellow terrestrial planets are chemical _____: they consist of
primarily four elements (iron, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen) that are rare elsewhere in the
universe.
A. prototypes
B. mavericks
C. malefactors
D. paragons
E. old-timers
Passage 88-注：这篇阅读被转换成了一道单空题进行考察
The waters east of Cape Hangklip were once the center of a lucrative wild-caught abalone
fishery, but illegal fishing in the mid-1990s escalated to such levels that the recreational fishery
was closed in 2003. When abalones did not rebound, commercial fishing was also banned.
Continue declines in abalone were attributed to poaching, but an invasion by rock lobsters
during the early 1990s probably intensified the trend. Rock lobsters prey on sea urchins, and
increased rock lobster densities coincided with significant decreases in urchins. In that area,
urchins feed largely by trapping drift kelp, and in doing so provide juvenile abalone with both
protective shelter and nourishment. Without urchins’ presence, juvenile abalones are less
likely to survive to adulthood.
1. According to the passage, since the early 1900s, sea urchins in the waters east of Cape
Hangklip have
A. significantly changed their feeding habits
B. suffered increased predation from a certain species
C. experienced increased competition for kelp, their main source of nourishment
D. seen a sharp decline in the availability of kelp, due to environmental changes
E. rebounded as commercial fishing in the region has declined
2. According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the feeding
behaviors of sea urchins
A. They change according to the type of food available in an area.
B. They are responsible for the decline of abalones in some regions.
C. They have a significant impact on the young of another species.
D. They make sea urchins more vulnerable to potential predators.
E. They result in marked decline in certain regions.
Passage 123
Biologist know that some marine algae can create clouds by producing the gas dimethyl
sulphide (DMS), which reacts with oxygen in air above the sea to form solid particles. These
particles provide a surface on which water vapor can condense to form clouds. Lovelock
contends that this process is part of global climatic-control system. According to Lovelock,
Earth acts like a super organism, with all its biological and physical systems cooperating to
keep it healthy. He hypothesized that warmer conditions increase algal activity and DMS
output, seeding more clouds, which cool the planet by blocking out the Sun. Then, as the
climate cools, algal activity and DMS level decrease and the cycle continues. In response to
biologists who question how organisms presumably working for their own selfish ends could
have evolved to behave in a way that benefits not only the planet but the organisms as well,
Lovelock points out that cooling benefits the algae, which remain at the ocean surface,
because it allows the cooled upper layers of the ocean to sink, and then the circulating water
carries nutrients upward from the depths below. Algae may also benefit from nitrogen raining
down from clouds they have helped to form.
1. According to the passage, which of the following occurs as a result of cooling in the upper
layers of the ocean?
A. The concentration of oxygen in the air above the ocean’s surface decreases.
B. The concentration of DMS in the air above the ocean’s surface increases.
C. The nutrient supply at the surface of the ocean is replenished.
D. Cloud formation increases over the ocean.
E. Marine algae make more efficient use of nutrients.
2. Which of the following is most similar to the role played by marine algae in the global
climate control system proposed by Lovelock?
A. a fan that continually replaces stale air in a room with fresh air from outside.
B. a thermostat that automatically controls an air-conditioning system.
C. an insulating blanket that retains heat.
D. a filter used to purify water.
E. a dehumidifier that constantly removes moisture from the air in a room.
3. The passage mentions the possible benefit to algae of nitrogen falling down in the rain most
likely in order to
A. provide support for Lovelock’s response to an objection mentioned in the passage.
B. suggest that the climatic effects of DMS production have been underestimated.
C. acknowledge that Lovelock’s hypothesis is based in part on speculation.
D. demonstrate that DMS production alters the planet in more than one way.
E. assert that algae are the sole beneficiaries of DMS production.
Passage 178
For most of the twentieth century, scholars generally accepted the proposition that nations are
enduring entities that predated the rise of modern nation-states and that provided the social
and cultural foundations of the state. This perspective has certainly been applied to Korea;
most historians have assumed that the Korean nation has existed since the dawn of historical
time. In recent years, however, Western scholars have questioned the idea of the nation as an
enduring entity. Both Gellner and Anderson have argued, in their studies of European, Latin
American, and Southeast Asian cases, that the nation is strictly a modern phenomenon, a
forging of a common sense of identity among previously disparate social groups through the
propagandizing efforts of activities of the modern state. In short, it was the state that created
the nation, not the other way around.
Younger Koreanists, with Em prominent among them, have begun to apply this approach to
Korea. These scholars, noting the isolated nature of village life in premodern Korea and the
sharp difference in regional dialects, suggest that ordinary villagers could not possibly have
thought of themselves as fellow countrymen of villagers in other regions. These scholars also
not the elites, conversely, often had outward-looking, universalistic orientations, as did
aristocracies elsewhere, such as in premodern Europe. Finally, they observe that the very
word for “nation” in Korean, minjok, is a neologism first employed by Japanese scholars as
translation of the Western concept and that it was first appropriated by Korean activists in the
early twentieth century. They argue, therefore, that a Korean “nation” came into being only
after that time.
In short, in the case of Korea we have an argument between “primordialists”, who contend that
nations are natural and universal units of history, and “modernists”, who assert that nations are
historically contingent products of modernity. The positions of both groups seem problematic. It
seems unlikely that in the seventh century the peoples of the warring states of Koguryo,
Peakche, and Shilla all thought of themselves as members of a larger “Korean” collectivity. On
the other hand, the inhabitants of the Korean peninsula had a much longer history —well over
one thousand years—as a unified political collectivity than did the peoples studied by Gellner
and Anderson. Not only does the remarkable endurance of the Korean state imply some sort of
social and cultural basis for that unity, but the nature of the premodern Korean state as a
centralized bureaucratic polity also suggests the possibility that the organizational activities of
the state may have created a homogenous collectivity with a sense of shared identity much
earlier than happened in the countries of western Europe that provide the model for
“modernist” scholarship.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. evaluate two competing views regarding the origin of the Korean nation
B. rebut a controversial perspective on the origin of the Korean nation
C. question the idea of the Korean nation as an enduring entity
D. consider the influence of the modernist positon on younger Koreanists
E. explain some of the unique features of the Korean nation
2. Select the sentence in the third paragraph that provides some information that supports the
position of younger Koreanists regarding the creation of the Korean nation.
3. The author would probably agree with which of the following statements regarding the work
of Gellner and of Anderson?
A. Neither Gellner’s nor Anderson’s work has had a significant influence on the study of the
Korean nation.
B. Their argument that the nation is a strictly modern phenomenon does not hold in the case of
Korea.
C. Both of them have downplayed the propagandizing efforts of Korean intellectuals as a
means of forging a Korean identity.
D. Both of them have exaggerated the homogenizing impact of the state as a factor in the
case of nations.
E. Both them have overestimated the extent to which disparate social groups find a common
sense of identity through belonging to the same nation.
4. According to the author of the passage, a difference between Korea and the “European,
Latin American, and Southeast Asian cases” has to do with
A. the extent of the differences among various regional dialects prior to the establishment of a
national language
B. the number of disparate social groups that existed prior to the creation of a national identity
C. when a nationally unified political entity came into existence
D. whether the bureaucratic state played a role in the creation of the nation
E. the extent to which the creation of the nation fostered significantly greater social and
cultural unity
plus: 第一篇阅读挺绕的，没在200篇里找到，emmmm讲的 algae，coral，reef之间的关系，可能作者想表达的意思是...coral覆盖的reef说明环境健康，但algae替代coral覆盖的reef也不一定是不健康的。
【quantiative】
记得一道没把握的，见附件
预祝大家都早日杀g成功:D
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